O Level Revision : Shona - Zvirungamutauro - Nyaudzosingwi
Nyaudzosingwi dzinoratidza maitikiro echinhu kana mamiriro echinhu sezvinongoita chiito, nokudaro nyaudzosingwi nezviito zvinodyidzana.Nyaudzosingwi dzinoratidza maitikiro echinhu kana mamiriro echinhu sezvinongoita chiito, nokudaro nyaudzosingwi nezviito zvinodyidzana.
Nyaudzosingwi inzwi rinoumba mufananidzo mupfungwa, somuenzaniso;
Amai vakati mukova bhewu kuvhura
Uku kuvhura zvine simba uchibva wavhurwa wese.
Nyaudzosingwi dzinobata zvakawandawanda sezvinotevera:
(a) Ruvara
Pane nyaudzosingwi dzinotsanangura ruvara rwezvinhu, sokuti mbembe, mburetete, piriviri, mbu, ndo-o, zvi-i. Apa panobuda majekero eruvara akasiyana.
- Mazino achena kuti mbembe. • Nhengeni dzakati piriviri muti wese.
- Kwasviba kuti ndo-o
(b) Mamiriro echinhu: somuenzaniso; tuzu, bvururu, undundu
- Mbavha yakati zvinhu bvururu imba yese. • Aive angoti tuzu pamberi pedu. (c) Mafambiro: somuenzaniso; tsveya tsveya, tande, tasa,
- Akasimuka ndiye tsveya tsveya nemateya oenda kwake. • Ndakativo tande nenzira yokwedu. (d) Ruzha/mutinhiro: somuenzaniso; tsviriri, ngende ngende, gwegwendere
- Dare rinoti ngende-ngende kurira. • Ndiro yakati pasi gwengwendere
- Takanzwa mota kuti tsviriri panze.
(e) Matsetsekero: somuenzaniso; mbarambazhu, tsvete, n’an’azhu,
- Ndinoda ngwerewere ine upfu hwakati tsvete kwete magaiwa ane man’an’azhu.
Rangarira kuti pachiito chega chega panogona kubuda nyaudzosingwi dzinotsanangura zvakasiyana seizvi. (i) Chiito chokugara
tende - kugara munhu akadekara n’o - kugara zvokusada kubva go - kugara pasina chiri kuitwa pweshe - kugara zveusimbe
ware-ware - kugara pasi kwevanhu vakawanda
(ii) Chiito chekumira
tuzu - kumira kwemunhu apusa/apererwa tumbi - kumira kwemunhu arasika
twi - kumira wakati rasa/wakarurama mbititi - kumira wabva mukusvetuka
(iii) Chiito chekutarisa
nde-e - zvokusabvisa meso pachinhu dzvoko - wakabudisa meso
cheu - kutarisa uchitendeusa musoro uchitarisa shure kana rutivi
(iv) chiito cheruvara
(a) Kutsvuka
piriviri - kutsvuka seropa kana meso tsvuke - kutsvuka zvishoma
kovo - kutsvuka semeso anorwadza
(b) Kusviba
ndo-o - kusviba zvakanyanya
zvi-i - kusviba zviri pakati nepakati tsva-a - kusviba kwezuva rovira
Unosungirwa kuziva zviito zvakasiyana kuti ukwanise kupa nyaudzosingwi inoenderana nechiito.
Mhando dzenyaudzosingwi
Kune mhando nhatu dzenyaudzosingwi dzinoti: (a) Nyaudzosingwisiri Idzi ndidzo nyaudzosingwi dzakagara dziriko, sokuti:
go |
- kugara |
mba |
- kubata zvine simba |
n’a |
- kuruma |
vhu |
- kusvika |
pwa |
- kuvhuna |
ba |
- kutarisa |
zhi |
- kudonha kwemuti |
tapa |
- kudonha kwendove |
do |
- kudonha kwedamba |
|
|
(b) Nyaudzosingwi dzakabva kune zvimwe zvipande zveChishona
|
(i) Dzinobva kuzviito (ii) Nyaudzosingwi dzinobva kuzvipauro
Chiito |
Nyaudzosingwi |
kutora |
tore |
kudzima |
dzime |
kufamba |
fambe |
kuruma |
rume |
(c) Nyaudzosingwi dzakadzokororwa. Idzi dzinosimbisa pfungwa yagara iripo sokuti;
- mba mba mba • nga nga
Shandisa nyaudzosingwi dzinotevera muzvirevo zvakanaka uchibudisa zvinoreva nyaudzosingwi yacho.
(a) piriviri |
(b) tsvai |
(c) kwaku |
(d) cheu |
(e) tande |
(f) tunduma |
(g) kanha |
(h) nga |
(i) kukurigo-o |
|
|
|
- Ipa nyaudzosingwi dzinoenderana nezviito izvi.
Muenzaniso: Kudonha kwedamba
Mhinduro: do-o/ bu-u
(a) kupedza zvanga zviri mundiro (b) kurumwa nenyuchi
(c) kubata zvakasimba (d) kuchena kwemusoro
(e) kugara pasina chaitwa (f) kufamba uchidzedzereka
(g) kumedza zvinonzwikwa
(h) kubuda kwezvinhu kubva munzvimbo imwe chete zvakawanda. (i) kuvhura mukova zvine simba.
Fananidzo
Kazhinji tinopa minongedzo yefananidzo nemanzwi maviri anoti sa-/se-/so-, kunge nafanika.
- John anofamba sechidhakwa.
Apa pfungwa ndeyekuti chidhakwa chine mafambiro acho anozivikanwa saka kana John afamba achidero aita sechidhakwa.
- Anotaura sababa vake.
- Anochema seafirwa
Unogona kuumba fananidzo uchishandisa kunge, sokuti;
- Hanganwa kunge gunguwo
Enzaniso
Uku kuratidza kuti chinhu chakadini, sokuti; Anesu inyenganyenga pakunzvenga.
Dzimwe enzaniso
- Uri dhadha, haungafambi neni. • Mutengesi wemunhu, wavaudzirei?
- Uyu chigayo chemabhanana. • John itsuro yomubhuku.
- Susan murume pachake. • Tose tiri vakadzi pano pamusha.
- Iri igandanga chairo.
Edza kupa fananidzo kuzviito zvinotevera
(i) kutsvuka se (iv) kuchena se (vii) kudya se
(x) kuchema se
(ii) kutapira se (v) kusviba se (viii) kunhuwa se
(iii) kuvava se (vi) kufamba se (ix) kuonda se
Edza kupa enzaniso kutsananguro dzinotevera;
(i) munhu anoshanda nesimba (ii) munhu ane utsinye
(iii) munhu anotya zvakanyanya (iv) munhu akangwara
(v) munhu anotyisa (vi) munhu asina divi raakarerekera
(vii) munhu anonyima